Answer: c) An increase in trade and logistics efficiency.

• • Explanation: The MTHL's faster commute times will allow for smoother business operations, reduced transportation costs, and potentially attract new investments to the MMR, leading to overall economic growth.

Answer: d) A public-private partnership (PPP) initiative.

• • Explanation: The MTHL was built through a PPP model, where the government funded a portion of the project, while private companies handled construction and operation under a concession agreement.

Answer: b) Connecting Mumbai and Navi Mumbai with a faster commute.

• • Explanation: The MTHL's main purpose is to alleviate traffic congestion on the Vashi Bridge and provide a quicker link between the two cities, boosting economic activity and reducing travel time.

Answer: b) Increased traffic congestion in Navi Mumbai.

• • Explanation: While the MTHL solves the congestion problem for crossing between Mumbai and Navi Mumbai, it could potentially create new traffic bottlenecks within Navi Mumbai itself as more people choose to live and work there due to better accessibility.

Answer: b) Extensive mangrove conservation efforts.

• • Explanation: Despite being a large construction project, the MTHL prioritized minimizing environmental damage. Mangrove areas were protected, and measures were taken to reduce pollution during construction and operation.