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Home » Himachal News Editorial » Himachal Pradesh Faces Unprecedented Heat: A Detailed Editorial

Himachal Pradesh Faces Unprecedented Heat: A Detailed Editorial

Himachal Pradesh Faces Unprecedented Heat

Summary: 

 

    • Unusual Heat: Himachal Pradesh is experiencing higher temperatures than usual.
    • Low Rainfall: The state has seen a significant drop in rainfall.
    • Tourism and Agriculture: Both sectors are suffering due to the heat and lack of rain.
    • Climate Change: Global climate change, deforestation, and reduced snow cover are key factors.
    • Call to Action: There’s a need for sustainable practices and climate adaptation

 

What is the news editorial?

 

    • Himachal Pradesh, known for its cool and inviting weather that provides relief from the harsh Indian summers, is facing an alarming shift in its climatic patterns.
    • This year, the state’s typically temperate climate has been disrupted as temperatures soar and precipitation levels drop dramatically.
    • This editorial explores the extent of this temperature rise, its implications, and the underlying reasons behind this significant climatic change.

 

Current Climatic Conditions in Himachal Pradesh

 

    • Weather records indicate that Himachal Pradesh has been experiencing temperatures three to four degrees higher than the average. The heat has impacted the state’s ability to attract and entertain tourists who usually seek the region for its serene and cool environment. The situation is compounded by a marked decrease in rainfall, making this October the third driest since the India Meteorological Department (IMD) began tracking weather data.

 

Temperature Anomalies

 

    • The commencement of the winter season in Himachal Pradesh has been marked by unexpected warmth. Historically, November sees sub-zero temperatures in the state’s valleys; however, this year, the maximum temperatures have fluctuated between 24 to 29 degrees Celsius, which is four degrees higher than usual. The minimum temperature has also been recorded at 7 to 11 degrees Celsius, an increase of 1-2 degrees from the norm.

 

IMD data highlights record-breaking temperatures across various districts:

 

    • Solan: Reached a maximum of 39°C
    • Kangra: Recorded 27.6°C
    • Bhuntar: Hit 30.5°C
    • Una: Experienced similarly high temperatures
    • Kalpa (higher altitude): Recorded 23.6°C, the highest since 1984

 

Precipitation Deficit

 

    • Adding to the problem, this October witnessed an unprecedented rainfall deficit of 97%. Only 0.7 mm of rain was recorded, a stark contrast to the usual 25 mm expected during this period. The last time October had such minimal rainfall was in 2003 (0.3 mm) and 1964 (0.1 mm). Notably, six districts—Chamba, Hamirpur, Solan, Sirmaur, and Kullu—experienced a completely dry October.

 

Impact on Agriculture and Horticulture

 

    • The combination of high temperatures and low rainfall has significantly affected Himachal Pradesh’s agricultural and horticultural sectors. The region’s famous apple and fruit harvests began 15 to 20 days earlier than usual due to accelerated ripening driven by increased temperatures. These changes not only reduce the quality and quantity of produce but also impact farmers’ livelihoods and the broader economy dependent on these sectors.

 

Reasons Behind the Rising Temperatures

 

The persistent rise in temperature and erratic precipitation patterns can be attributed to a variety of interrelated factors:

 

1. Climate Change

    • Global climate change plays a significant role in altering weather patterns. The rise in greenhouse gas emissions has contributed to the warming of the Earth’s surface, which in turn affects temperature and precipitation cycles. Himachal Pradesh, like many other regions, is experiencing the repercussions of these larger climate dynamics.

 

2. Weakened Western Disturbances

    • Western Disturbances, which bring cold air and precipitation to the region, have been weaker and less frequent in recent years. This has resulted in a delay in the onset of winter and higher-than-normal temperatures.

 

3. Deforestation and Land Use Changes

    • Deforestation and unsustainable land use contribute to the local rise in temperatures. The reduction in forest cover not only affects local ecosystems but also exacerbates the heat by decreasing natural cooling provided by trees. The shift towards construction and urban expansion also results in increased heat retention.

 

4. Global Weather Phenomena

    • Events such as El Niño and La Niña impact weather systems worldwide. While these phenomena are part of natural climate variability, they have become more erratic due to global warming. These changes influence monsoon patterns and seasonal temperatures in India, including Himachal Pradesh.

 

5. Reduced Snow Cover

    • The Himalayan region, which heavily influences Himachal Pradesh’s climate, has seen a reduction in snow cover over the years. This decline affects the state’s temperature regulation, leading to warmer conditions. Snow acts as a reflective surface that helps maintain lower temperatures; diminished snowpack results in less reflection and higher heat absorption.

 

Conclusion

 

    • Himachal Pradesh’s current climatic conditions are a sobering reminder of the impacts of global climate change and regional environmental issues. The combination of increased temperatures and decreased rainfall is disrupting not only the state’s natural climate balance but also its economy and lifestyle. Addressing these challenges requires both immediate adaptive measures and long-term strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change and preserve the state’s unique environment.

 

Call to Action

 

    • It is crucial for policymakers, environmentalists, and the public to collaborate on sustainable practices, reforestation projects, and climate adaptation strategies to combat the ongoing crisis. The preservation of Himachal Pradesh’s climate is not just essential for its residents but for the millions who rely on its natural beauty and resources.

 

Key Takeaways: 

 

    • Unusual Heat and Dryness: Himachal Pradesh is experiencing unusually high temperatures and very low rainfall, disrupting its usual cool climate.
    • Tourism and Agriculture Hit Hard: The warmer weather is deterring tourists and causing early, lower-quality harvests, impacting farmers’ incomes and the local economy.
    • Reasons for Change: Key factors include global climate change, weaker weather systems that bring cold air, deforestation, and shrinking snow cover in the Himalayas.
    • Environmental Warning: These shifts are a serious warning about climate change affecting local weather, agriculture, and livelihoods in Himachal Pradesh.
    • Call for Action: Policymakers and citizens need to work together on sustainable practices, reforestation, and climate adaptation to protect the region’s environment.

 

Mains Questions:

 

 

Question 1:

Discuss the main reasons behind the recent temperature rise in Himachal Pradesh and its implications on the state’s agriculture and horticulture sectors. (250 words)

 

Model Answer:

 

    • Himachal Pradesh, traditionally known for its cool climate, has recently experienced a significant temperature increase, with records showing temperatures 3-4 degrees higher than average. The key reasons behind this temperature rise include global climate change, which has led to increased greenhouse gas emissions and warming of the Earth’s surface. Additionally, Western Disturbances, which bring cold air and precipitation to the region, have been weaker and less frequent in recent years. This has resulted in a delay in the onset of winter and higher-than-normal temperatures. Deforestation and land use changes have further exacerbated local temperatures by reducing natural cooling effects provided by forest cover.
    • The implications for agriculture and horticulture are substantial. The state’s famous apple and fruit harvests have been affected, with fruit ripening 15 to 20 days earlier than usual due to higher temperatures. This has resulted in lower produce quality and reduced yields, impacting farmers’ incomes and the broader economy. The rainfall deficit, with October 2023 witnessing only 0.7 mm of rain against a typical 25 mm, has further worsened these effects, leading to water scarcity and soil moisture deficits. Addressing these challenges requires both adaptive strategies and concerted efforts towards climate resilience.

 

Question 2:

Examine the role of cyclonic circulations in affecting the weather patterns of Himachal Pradesh. How do these circulations contribute to warmer-than-usual temperatures? (250 words)

 

Model Answer:

 

    • Cyclonic circulations in the Bay of Bengal have a significant impact on the weather patterns of Himachal Pradesh. These systems often block or weaken the cold northerly winds that usually bring down temperatures in the northern regions of India. When the flow of these cold winds is disrupted, warmer air masses from the southern and southeastern parts of the country can move northward and remain over Himachal Pradesh for extended periods. This leads to sustained higher temperatures and contributes to the unusual warmth that has been observed.
    • For instance, during the winter onset, cyclonic circulations can delay the cooling process by preventing the arrival of cold air masses. As a result, regions such as Himachal Pradesh experience prolonged warm spells. This warming effect is compounded by other climate-related factors, such as deforestation, which reduces natural cooling, and global warming, which intensifies existing weather phenomena.
    • The impact of these altered weather patterns is evident in the state’s agricultural sector. Crops and fruit trees that rely on specific temperature conditions for proper growth and ripening are particularly affected, leading to premature harvesting and quality issues. Such disruptions pose challenges to local economies and necessitate strategies to mitigate and adapt to the shifting climate patterns in the region.

 

Remember: These are just sample answers. It’s important to further research and refine your responses based on your own understanding and perspective. Read entire UPSC Current Affairs.

Relevance to the  UPSC Prelims and Mains syllabus under the following topics:

 Prelims:

 

    • General Studies Paper-I: This paper includes questions on the geography, environment, and socio-economic development of Himachal Pradesh. Candidates may encounter questions related to recent climatic trends, such as rising temperatures, reduced precipitation, and their effects on the state’s agriculture and tourism sectors. Understanding the causes and consequences of these climatic changes is crucial for this section.

 Mains:

 

    • General Studies Paper-I: This paper covers topics like the history, geography, and socio-economic development of Himachal Pradesh. Candidates might be required to write descriptive answers on issues like the impact of rising temperatures on the state’s agriculture, horticulture, and overall economy. Analyzing the reasons behind these climatic changes, such as global warming and deforestation, and suggesting mitigation strategies could be part of the examination.General Studies Paper-III: This paper focuses on science, technology, and environmental issues. Candidates may need to discuss broader environmental challenges, including climate change, and their specific manifestations in Himachal Pradesh. Topics could include the role of cyclonic circulations affecting regional weather patterns, the impact on biodiversity, and sustainable development practices to combat these changes.

UPSC Interview (Personality Test):

 

  • During the interview stage, candidates are evaluated on their awareness of current affairs and their analytical abilities. Interviewers may pose questions about recent climatic anomalies in Himachal Pradesh, such as unprecedented heatwaves or droughts. Candidates might be asked to discuss the implications of these changes on local communities, agriculture, and tourism. They could also be expected to propose policy measures or initiatives that the state government could implement to address these environmental challenges effectively.

 

 

 
 

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